Beyond the Brussels Carbon Order: Rebalancing Global Carbon Politics, Trade Justice, and the Right to Development.

This article examines how the European Union's climate ambitions have evolved into a global regulatory force through the EU ETS, CBAM, and EUDR. Using a qualitative literature review method on scientific studies primarily from 2020 to July 2026, this research explores the relationship between global carbon politics, the Brussels Effect, carbon leakage, deforestation-free supply chains, climate justice, and the right to development. The main findings indicate that the European Union's climate policies can promote cleaner production and supply chain transparency, but also shift the burden of verification, certification, traceability, and financing to developing countries. In the case of palm oil, the EUDR risks excluding smallholders who do not yet have adequate land data and traceability systems. This article emphasizes the need for more inclusive and equitable global carbon governance that recognizes the development capacities of producing countries.