Climate Change Impacts on Oil Palm Productivity: A Review of Adaptation Strategies and Knowledge Systems for Resilience

This research is motivated by the increasing pressure of climate change on oil palm productivity, particularly through changes in temperature, rainfall, and hydrological conditions affecting the production system. The study aims to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the impact of climate change, adaptation strategies, and the role of knowledge systems in building productivity resilience. The method used is a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review of 38 Scopus-indexed articles from the period 2020–2026. The results show that climate impacts are not deterministic but are mediated by management practices and adaptive capacity. Strategies such as water management, soil and nutrient optimization, and the use of climate-resistant varieties have been proven to reduce yield variability, while the integration of formal knowledge and experience enhances adaptation effectiveness. The implication is that strengthening knowledge systems, management innovation, and adaptive policies are key to supporting sustainable and climate-resilient oil palm governance.