Effect of Irrigation System, Pesticide Use, and Human Resource Management on Productivity Growth of Oil Palm in Indonesia

The growth of productivity in oil palm plantations in Indonesia is not only determined by technical cultivation factors but is also significantly influenced by the effectiveness of resource management. This study examines the contribution of irrigation systems, pesticide use, and human resource management (HRM) to productivity improvement, using a quantitative approach based on a survey of 120 respondents in various regions. The efficiency of the irrigation system has proven to play an important role in supporting plant growth and harvest yields. Technologies such as drip irrigation and Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensors enable the optimization of water and nutrient use. Although the adoption of this technology is still limited, its potential is significant, especially in areas with water availability challenges. Proper pesticide use also contributes to controlling pest and disease attacks. However, the use of chemicals must be done wisely to avoid negative impacts on the environment and worker health. Approaches such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offer a more sustainable alternative to maintaining productivity safely. The most dominant factor in this study is HRM. Skills training, incentive systems, and work motivation have been proven to significantly increase productivity. Investment in workforce development not only improves operational efficiency but also strengthens the competitiveness and sustainability of the palm oil industry in the long term. These findings provide important guidance for plantation managers and policymakers to prioritize human resource empowerment as a key strategy in driving productivity growth and sustainability in the palm oil sector.