Genomic Engineering and Tissue Culture Propagation of High-Yield Oil Palm Clones: A Systematic Review of Genetic Traits, Cultivation Methods, and Agronomic Performance Enhancement

This journal discusses the enhancement of oil palm productivity through the integration of genomic engineering and tissue culture to produce superior high-yield clones. Starting from the limitations of conventional breeding, which requires a long time, this study aims to synthesize scientific evidence regarding the role of genomic technology, molecular selection, and in vitro propagation in accelerating the improvement of plant traits. Using the PRISMA-based systematic literature review method, this study selected 33 open-access English articles from Scopus for the period 2021–2026. The findings indicate that the combination of genome-based selection and tissue culture can increase yield potential, genetic stability, plant uniformity, and agronomic performance of oil palm clones. The implication is that biotechnological innovation becomes crucial to boost productivity without land expansion, although it still requires long-term field trials and strong quality standards.