Multimodal Prehabilitation Integrating Nutrition, Exercise, and Psychological Support: Systematic Review of Implementation Strategies and Postoperative Outcomes Across Surgical Specialties

This research is motivated by the high incidence of postoperative complications due to low physiological capacity, nutritional status, and psychological readiness of patients before surgery. The study aims to synthesize evidence related to the implementation and effectiveness of multimodal prehabilitation—which integrates nutrition, physical exercise, and psychological support—in improving postoperative outcomes across various surgical specialties. The method used is a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review of 35 Scopus articles (2020–2026). The results show that multimodal interventions consistently reduce complications, accelerate functional recovery, and shorten the length of hospital stay, especially when applied in a structured, multidisciplinary, and integrated manner. The implication is that prehabilitation needs to be adopted in surgical service management as a system-based preventive strategy to improve the quality of care and healthcare service efficiency.