Swarm Robotics for Precision Agriculture: Overcoming Coordination Scalability Limits

The development of precision agriculture encourages the use of swarm robotics technology to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. However, the main challenge lies in the coordination and scalability of systems within dynamic agricultural environments. This research aims to examine strategies to overcome these obstacles through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on PRISMA of 36 scientific articles from the period 2021–2025. The study results indicate that decentralized coordination models, biologically-based algorithms, and hybrid approaches are key to improving system performance and efficiency. Nevertheless, field implementation remains limited due to communication, energy, and data integration challenges. Therefore, strengthening digital infrastructure and system standards is crucial to support the adoption of this technology in more sustainable agricultural management.