Blockchain Technology for Palm Oil Supply Chain Traceability: A Systematic Review of Transparency, Authentication, and Sustainability Verification Systems

This research is motivated by the increasing digitalization of agro-industrial supply chains and the need for transparency, data reliability, and sustainability verification in the complex and multi-actor palm oil industry. The study aims to analyze the role of blockchain technology in strengthening traceability, transparency, authentication, and sustainability verification systems. The method used is a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review of 46 Scopus articles from the period 2021–2025. The results show that blockchain functions as a complementary infrastructure that enhances data integrity through immutable recording, decentralized validation, and integration with IoT and smart contracts. This technology has proven to improve audit efficiency, authentication reliability, and the accuracy of sustainability certification verification. The implication is that blockchain supports more transparent, accountable, and sustainable palm oil supply chain governance without replacing existing systems.