Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction as an Adjuvant in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Review

This journal examines the potential of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction (TRF) from palm oil as a supporting component in cancer immunotherapy research. Through a PRISMA-based systematic literature review of Scopus publications from 2020–2025, this study filtered 400 initial articles down to 35 relevant studies. The review results indicate that palm TRF interacts with several cancer-related biological mechanisms, such as oxidative stress regulation, apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, and modulation of NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways. Some studies also show the association of TRF with cytokine regulation, immune cell activity, and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Although current evidence is predominantly preclinical, TRF is considered relevant as a natural bioactive compound with the potential to complement cancer immunotherapy research, with further needs in translational studies and clinical trials.