Sustainable Palm Oil through the Triple Bottom Line Framework: Pathways to Community Welfare Transformation

This article discusses the pressure on the oil palm industry to balance economic productivity with environmental sustainability and social justice. The research aims to analyze the role of the Triple Bottom Line framework (Profit, People, Planet) in promoting the transformation of community welfare. The method used is a qualitative literature review of 85 scientific publications and reports from the period 2020–2025. The results show that sustainable practices increase productivity and income for smallholders, improve social conditions such as labor rights and gender equality, and support conservation through forest protection and circular economy innovation. However, the benefits are uneven due to obstacles such as certification costs and unequal access. The implication is that policy integration, inclusive business models, and multi-stakeholder governance are key to realizing a sustainable and equitable palm oil industry.