The Treasure of Palm Oil as an Invaluable Renewable Energy Source

The increasing global pressure on climate change and dependence on fossil fuels is driving the search for renewable energy sources, including palm oil-based biodiesel. This study aims to evaluate the potential of crude palm oil (CPO) as a renewable energy source through a systematic literature review approach of 34 scientific articles from the period 2022–2025. The results of the study indicate that technological innovations, particularly the use of heterogeneous catalysts, the utilization of palm-derived waste, and integration into hybrid energy systems, can enhance production efficiency and reduce emissions. However, sustainability is highly dependent on land management, certification, and supporting policies. The implication is that strengthening regulations, technological innovation, and the integration of environmental-social aspects are key to making CPO a sustainable alternative energy source.