Unlocking the Potentials of Biochar from Oil Palm Waste: A Review

This journal examines the potential of biochar from empty fruit bunches (EFB) waste amidst the challenges of soil degradation and carbon emissions. Through a PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review of 31 articles (2021–2025), this study analyzes agronomic, environmental, economic, and policy impacts. The results indicate that EFB biochar increases soil pH and nutrient retention, improves productivity, and has the potential to absorb 1.7–2.2 tons of CO₂e per ton of dry material. Economically promising within a circular economy scheme, its scale is still constrained by standardization and regulatory support.